康振生院士:转变“重治轻防”理念,加大农作物病虫害防控前期投入
病虫草害是农作物生产的“头号敌人”。在我国,变理病虫每年有害生物发生面积60亿-70亿亩次,念加潜在经济损失5000多亿元。大农“植物保护不仅要保障粮食安全,作物还要保障生物安全、害防食品安全和生态安全。期投”
5月19日,重治轻防2024中国种子大会马兰小麦分会在河北辛集召开。康振控前在小麦种业创新发展报告会上,生院士转中国工程院院士、变理病虫西北农林科技大学教授康振生作《作物抗病性与病害绿色防控》报告。念加
中国工程院院士、西北农林科技大学教授康振生
近年来,由于气候变化和栽培方式改变,全球农作物病虫害呈多发、频发、重发的态势,给农业生产带来巨大的产量损失。以近几年在我国,小麦赤霉病为害已从长江中下游逐渐扩展到黄淮海南部麦区,黄淮海北部麦区也时有发生,成为威胁小麦生产的一个重要病害。
康振生指出,病虫害防控在保障粮食安全生产中发挥了重要作用,但存在过度依赖农药的问题。目前我国农药利用率偏低,平均利用率仅约35%,生产并使用了全世界将近一半的农药,平均每公顷耕地使用量为10.3公斤,远超美国的2.2公斤,单位耕地面积的农药使用量是世界平均水平的5倍。
他进一步解释,过度使用农药不仅会增加农业生产成本,会导致病虫抗(耐)药性上升,也会造成生态平衡破坏和环境污染。此外,还会造成产品农药残留超标,进而造成社会负面影响和出口受限。
因此,康振生建议,要加大病虫害防控的前期投入,转变“重治轻防”理念,避免不见病虫不施药。此外,专业化病虫害防治服务是农业现代化的重要基础和必然要求,要加速提升植保社会化服务。
小麦种业创新发展报告会现场
康振生强调,种植抗病品种是防治病害最为经济、有效和环境友好的措施。为此,要注重对优异抗源的挖掘与创制,为品种的合理布局奠定基础,要注重育种、植保、栽培、推广等部门协同攻关。在植病学家与育种家协作下,系统开展育种亲本材料的创制和持续改良的前育种工作,创造携带一系列已知抗病基因或基因组合的核心亲本材料。
目前,我国在作物病虫发生规律研究,病虫测报技术研发,抗病虫品种合理利用,新药剂、施药新技术研发,配套技术集成等方面已取得显著进步,绿色产品和技术的防治效益显著提升。
“作物病害绿色防控永远在路上。”康振生提出四个加强,要加强作物病害发生规律研究,病害防控有的放矢;要加强与育种专家的结合,加速抗病品种选育;要加强与栽培专家的结合,促进抗病品种的合理利用;要加强高新技术的应用与宣传,促进重大病害的绿色控制。
【作者】张植宏
【摄影】谭家富
【来源】南方农村报
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